Osteoporosis is a bone and fragile disorder in which the bones become porous, which may increase the risk of fracture.
The porosity of bones is due to the reduction of Bone Mineral Density. Women are more susceptible to osteoporosis particularly in Postmenopausal Period.
It is primary Type 1 or Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Both elderly in male and female over 75 years, suffer from senile osteoporosis or primary type 2 osteoporosis.
This may be the result of Chronic disease or use of medicines such as Glucocorticoid. The overuse of Steroids and Glucocorticoids also induced osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis itself has no symptoms but the bones become fragile and weak and maybe at more risk of Fracture. Some lifestyles and some specific diseases are recognised as risk factors of osteoporosis. Advanced oestrogen deficiency following Menopause in women and testosterone deficiency in male, Family history of fracture etc are non modifiable risk factors. The modifiable risk factors are excessive alcohol intake, vitamin D deficiency, tobacco smoking, malnutrition, high protein diet, underweight etc.
There are several medicines which are antiresorptive or Bone anabolic agents. Antiresorptive drugs are bio phosphonates, oestrogen analogue, selective oestrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, etc. Bone anabolic drugs are teriparatide calcium Salts and sodium fluoride. Vitamin D and Vitamin K and Lifestyle changes help in reducing osteoporosis.
